Boris Yeltsin Russian Federations First President

Boris Yeltsin (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007) was a Soviet Union politician who became the first president of the Russian Federation at the end of the Cold War. Yeltsin served two terms (July 1991 – December 1999) which were plagued by corruption, instability, and economic collapse, ultimately leading to his resignation. He was succeeded in office by Vladimir Putin. Boris Yeltsin Fast Facts Full Name: Boris Nikolayevich YeltsinKnown For: First President of the Russian FederationBorn: February 1, 1931, in Butka, RussiaDied: April 23, 2007, in Moscow, RussiaEducation: Ural State Technical University in Sverdlovsk, RussiaKey Accomplishments: Yeltsin won the first presidential election of the Russian Federation after the fall of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Gorbachev.Spouses Name: Naina Yeltsina (m. 1956)Childrens Names: Yelena and Tatyana Early and Personal Life Yeltsin was born in the Russian village of Butka in 1931. Only nine years after the establishment of the Soviet Union, Russia was undergoing a full transition to communism. Many members of Yeltsin’s family, including his father and grandfather, were imprisoned in gulags for being kulaks: wealthy peasants who hindered communism. Later in his life, Yeltsin attended Ural State Technical University in Sverdlovsk, one of the best technical universities in the Soviet Union, where he studied construction. For much of his time at school, he remained uninvolved in politics. After graduating in 1955, Yeltsins degree enabled him to enter the workforce as a project foreman at Lower Iset Construction Directorate, also in Sverdlovsk. However, he refused the position and opted to start as a trainee with lower pay. He believed that starting at an entry level position and working his way up to leadership would earn him more respect. This method proved to be successful, and Yeltsin was quickly and consistently promoted. By 1962, he was chief of the directorate. Just a few years later, he began working for Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine and became its director in 1965. Political Career In 1960, the law that prohibited relatives of political prisoners to join the CPSU, Russias communist party, was reversed. Yeltsin joined the CPSUs ranks that year. Though he stated on many occasions that he joined because he believed in the ideals of communism, he was also required to be a member of the party in order to be promoted to director of the Sverdlovsk House-Building Combine. As with his career, Yeltsin rose rapidly through the ranks of the Communist Party and ultimately became first secretary of the Sverdlovsk Oblast, a major region in the Soviet Union, in 1976. His political career brought him to Russia’s capital city of Moscow after Mikhail Gorbachev became general secretary of the Soviet Union in 1985. Yeltsin became the head of the Central Committee of the CPSU’s construction and engineering department, then, a few months later, became the Central Committee secretary of construction and engineering. Finally, in December 1985, he was promoted yet again, becoming head of the Moscow branch of the communist party. This position also allowed him to become a member of the Politburo, the policy-making branch of the Communist Party. On September 10th, 1987, Boris Yeltsin became the first-ever Politburo member to resign. That October during a meeting of the Central Committee, Yeltsin laid out six points from his resignation that no one had previously addressed, emphasizing the ways in which Gorbachev and previous general secretaries had failed. Yeltsin believed that the government was reforming too slowly as the economy had still not turned around, and was, in fact, getting worse in many regions. After leaving the Politburo, he was elected to the Congress People’s Deputy representing Moscow, then to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, which were institutions within the government of the Soviet Union, not the Communist Party. After the fall of the Soviet Union and the resignation of Gorbachev, Yeltsin was elected as the first president of the Russian Federation on June 12, 1991. First Term In his first term, Yeltsin began to shift the Russian Federation to a market economy, defying the economic and social system that defined the Soviet Union during the decades prior. He lifted price controls and embraced capitalism. However, prices rose substantially and brought the new nation into an even deeper depression. Later in his term, Yeltsin worked toward nuclear disarmament by signing the START II treaty with George H. W. Bush on January 3, 1993. The treaty stated that the Russian Federation would cut two-thirds of its nuclear weaponry. This treaty increased his unpopularity, with many Russians opposed to what appeared to be a concession of power. In September 1993, Yeltsin decided to dissolve the existing parliament and give himself broader powers. This move was met with riots in early October, which Yeltsin quelled with an increased military presence. In December after the riots were quelled, the parliament approved a new constitution with greater powers for the president as well as laws which allowed freedom to own private property. A year later in December 1994, Yeltsin sent groups into the town of Chechnya which had recently declared its independence from the Russian Federation. This invasion changed his portrayal in the West from a democratic savior to an imperialist. For Yeltsin, 1995 was plagued with health issues, as he suffered heart attacks and other cardiovascular trouble. News stories about his alleged alcohol-dependency had been running for several years. Even with these issues and his declining popularity, Yeltsin declared his intention to run for a second term. On July 3, 1996, he won his second presidential election. Second Term and Resignation The first years of Yeltsins second term were once again plagued with health issues as he faced multiple-bypass heart surgery, double pneumonia, and unstable blood pressure. The lower house of parliament brought impeachment proceedings against him for the conflict in Chechnya, an opposition which was largely led by the still-present communist party. On December 31, 1999, Boris Yeltsin resigned on Russian television, stating, â€Å"Russia must enter the new millennium with new politicians, new faces, new intelligent, strong and energetic people. As for those of us who have been in power for many years, we must go.† He ended his resignation speech with the statement, â€Å"You deserve happiness and peace.† Death and Legacy After his resignation, Yeltsin stayed uninvolved in politics and continued to suffer heart-related health problems. He died of heart failure on April 23, 2007. Yeltsin’s downfalls greatly define his legacy as the first president of the Russian Federation. He is remembered for a presidency rife with economic troubles, corruption, and instability. Yeltsin was favored as a politician, but largely disliked as president. Sources Colton, Timothy J.  Yeltsin: a Life. Basic Books, 2011.Minaev, Boris, and Svetlana Payne.  Boris Yeltsin: the Decade That Shook the World. Glagoslav Publications, 2015.â€Å"Timeline: Former Russian President Boris Yeltsin.†Ã‚  NPR, NPR, 23 Apr. 2007, www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId9774006.In-text CitationComments

Internet Advertising Essay - 867 Words

Internet Advertising Internet Advertising is the way of the future and it is very evident since many companies and businesses have their own web sites and advertisements are located all over the World Wide Web. The Internet or World Wide Web is quickly becoming the most effective way for a business to advertise their products or services to customers. Web sites such as search engines or small sites that sell advertisement space for sponsoring are profiting highly from the increase of advertising on the Internet. Also contributing to the profit of businesses is the fact that the number of people that have access to the internet is growing as well as internet services which will allow potential customers to view these advertisements.†¦show more content†¦Internet advertising is less expensive compared to direct advertising which creates more profit for advertisers and businesses. When compared with advertising in magazines or on television, Internet advertising is far more beneficial and less expensive. Smaller businesses should take into consideration, the Internet advertising campaign because it is less expensive, more interactive, and easier to track and target than other advertising methods. Studies have also shown that awareness of participating brands increased 5%, on average. In addition, 49% of the study participants said they recalled seeing a tested advertising banner on a particular site. Current click-through rates average about 20% better than other direct-marketing methods (click-through: the action of following a hyper link within an advertisement). Another advantage of internet advertising over direct or local advertising is the fact that it is global and the advertiser is allowed to advertise to the whole world making the advertising more effective and beneficial. Banners advertising the business or its goods and services would be placed on a certain site and when an interested consumer clicks on the graphic, he/she is usually redirected to the businesses site according to the particular goods and services being offered. Internet advertising is also more interactive compared to magazine or television advertisements because theShow MoreRelatedAdvertising On The Internet : Internet1985 Words   |  8 PagesGiacomo Randazzo Ms. Blair English III 26 March 2015 Advertising on the Internet Most of the websites collect money through advertisement; websites collect a bunch of information about who visits the page that they use to target their advertisements to services and product that reflect his interests. 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In order for those companies endorse and sell products, they need to have a good marketing strategy. This is the time whe rein they need to advertise it. Advertising comes in many ways. However internet advertising is one

Continental Airlines Free Essays

Meagan Young Chapter 10 I believe that Lorenzo’s confrontation with Continental’s unions could have been conducted a different way. They could simply listen to each other’s viewpoint and not interrupt with one another is speaking. This way each other can hear their viewpoint and maybe understand one another better. We will write a custom essay sample on Continental Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now If Lorenzo would have listened to what his employees were trying to say, he may have gotten ideas from them and used them for his company. Both these companies experienced commonalities and contrasts. Both Bethunes and Southwest Airlines experienced debt issues. Both companies were puzzled as how to deal with this situation. Both companies however had the similar approaches as how to deal with the debt situations. Bethune definitely has a better management style than Lorenzo’s. this is because Bethune was willing to come up with solutions to come out of debt. He also made dramatic changes. In 1995, through a â€Å"renewed focus on flight schedules and incentive pay,† he greatly improved on-time performance, along with lost-baggage claims and customer complaints. Better communications was also a key element in improving employee relationships and the spirit of teamwork. Information was shared with employees through newsletters, updates on bulletin boards, email, voice-mail, and electronic signs over worldwide places. As you can see Bethune really wanted to improve Continental Airlines because he wanted what was best for the company. Bethune proved a master at changing employees’ attitudes and their sense of pride. Few top executives ever faced such a negative workforce, reflecting the Lorenzo years. But Bethune changed all this, and in such a short time. is open-door policy and open houses to encourage employees to interact with him and other top executives was a simple gesture, but so effective, as was his opening wide the channels of communication about company plans. The incentive plans for improving performance, and the freeing up of employee initiatives by abolishing the rigidity of formal policies, were further positives. He enge ndered an atmosphere of teamwork and a personal image of an appreciative CEO. This goes to show that Bethune is a trustworthy man and cares much about his company and the employees. The paint issue shouldn’t be a big issue. It gave the company a new look I think. Giving employees some kind of reward such as a bonus or incentive seems ideal. When they reach a certain goal or percentage and show they are hardworking employees, they could receive one of these. Before doing this I would supervise how they are working to make sure they are doing what they are supposed to. After studying their work ethics I would then determine what kind of reward I would present to them. Lack of communication is one of the biggest issues with not only top executives but anyone in the company. I’m sure not all of the upper management had the same ideas for Continental, and because of this some were left behind. This could be a downfall because one of them could have had a really good idea to present to the company. Because workers are not getting paid what they should, you can offer them something else. You can offer them better company benefits. This can help the employee tremendously, especially if they have a family. You could also tell the workers that if they reach a certain percentage that they can receive a raise. All of these ideas can motivate an employee to work harder at their job. How to cite Continental Airlines, Papers

Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking. Answer: Introduction Corrosion can be defined as a natural process with the help of which refined metal is converted into more chemically- stable form such as its sulfide, hydroxide or oxide (Talbot Talbot, 2018). It is the slow destruction of materials which are usually metals by electrochemical and / or chemical reaction within their environment. Materials other than metals such as polymers or ceramics also suffer from corrosion, however, the term degradation is more commonly used in this context. The valuable properties of materials and structures are degraded as a result of corrosion including the appearance, strength and permeability to gases and liquids. Passivation is beneficial in the mitigation of corrosion damage. The hindrance of passivating film forming capability can even lead to the corrosion of high- quality alloy. Right grade of material is required to be selected for the particular environment in order to ensure the long- lasting performance of such group of materials. If the passive fi lm suffers from a breakdown as a result of mechanical or chemical factors, the resultant modes of corrosion may include crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The focus of this report is on ammonia stress corrosion cracking. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) can be demarcated as the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment (Cunningham, Bottleberghe Greene, 2017). The protective oxide layer is sometimes destabilized by the corrosive environment under definite conditions without causing general corrosion. The reformation of oxide is prevented after a crack due to destabilization. Ductile metals that are subject to a tensile stress have chances of facing an unexpected sudden failure specifically at elevated temperature. Stress corrosion cracking is caused by the chemical environment which is only a little corrosive to metal (Cheng, 2013). Brightness is noticed in metals with faces severe stress corrosion cracking while they are filled with cracks that are microscopic. This is the most common factor as a result of which the stress corrosion cracking goes undetected before its failure. Stresses can also be the outcome of crevice loads because of stress concentration or can be instigated by residual stresses or type of assembly. Ammonia stress corrosive cracking is a form of SCC that takes place in brass tubes in cooling water service which has been contaminated by ammonia as a result of biological growths or any other contamination. The occurrence of this cracking can also be the consequence of intentional addition of ammonia as a neutralizer to the process streams by someone who is not aware its impact on the brass tubes. Brittle fracture is experienced on bending by the brass condenser tubes on the presence of significant ammonia stress corrosion cracking (Raja Shoji, 2011). Carbon steel equipment are also affected by the ammonia stress corrosion cracking but unlike the mechanism of cracking on brass which takes place in an aqueous solution, steal equipment cracking takes place in an anhydrous ammonia. In other words, the presence of liquid ammonia in oxygen can result in stress corrosion cracking in carbon steels (Shi, et. al., 2015). With the increase in the yield strength of the plate material, local hardness of the welds and increased strength of welds, the probable problem of stress corrosion cracking is also increased. Vulnerability to this issue is also faced by the systems that are contaminated with oxygen/ air. However, cupro- nickel alloys are not found to be vulnerable to ammonia stress corrosion cracking (McDougal Stevenson, 2005). During the normal operations, the applied stress levels are not high as required to initiate cracking.The usage of eddy current such as eddy current array or pulsed eddy current testing is considered to be one of the best techniques for the purpose of inspection of ammonia stress corrosion cracking in brass tubes. With specific reference to 18Cr-8Ni steels, the characteristics of stress corrosion cracking provides that susceptibility is found in alloy to transgranular stress corrosion cracking at the time when there is possibility of a passive/ active transition or when a noble surface is produced by the responses in alloy surface which may be metal or oxide, co- planar arrays of dislocations are exhibited by the alloy or high work- hardening rate is exhibited by the alloy, specific electrochemical reactions are there (which are considered to be the chlorides frequent penetration of passive films) (Kim, Kwon, Kim, Hwang Kim, 2011). Mechanism of Ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking The proposal of various mechanisms has been made for the purpose of explaining the synergistic stress corrosion interactions the occurrence of which is found at the crack tip. Stress corrosion cracking is expected to be caused as a result of more than on process. The mechanisms have been classified into two main categories namely cathodic mechanisms and anodic mechanisms. The occurrence of both cathodic and anodic reactions is a must during corrosion. This means that the phenomenon resulting in crack propagation may be linked with either form (Parkins, 2011). In alloys, the mechanism of anodic dissolution related to stress corrosion cracking is due to the reason of heterogeneity in precipitates distribution with diverse electrochemical anodicity associated with alloy matrix. Then there is a rapid dissolution of the anodic precipitates which further results in the extension of intergranular crack until there is the occurrence of re-passivation (Newman, 2002). Simple active dissolution and elimination of material from the crack tip is the most common anodic mechanism (Javidi Horeh, 2014). On the other hand, the most common cathodic mechanism is absorption, hydrogen evolution, embrittlement and diffusion. The Crack- Propagation Mechanisms assumes that the occurrence of the breakage in interatomic bonds of crack tip is the result of either mechanical fracture (brittle or ductile) or chemical solvation and dissolution. Normal fracture processes are included in the mechanical fracture that is expected to be induced or stimulated by any of the following interactions between environment and material. Surface reactions Surface films Absorption of ecological species Responses in metal ahead of crack tip All the mechanical fractures that have been proposed are found to contain some of these processes as an important step in the process of stress corrosion cracking. Surface absorption mechanism suggests that the absorption of active surface components on the hard surface can subsequently result in reducing the deformation resistance and strength of solids. In this mechanism, the interatomic bonds are weakened by the absorbed species at the crack tips thereby resulting in either the promotion of growth in cracks by decohesion or the facilitation of emission of dislocations and nucleation. The enhance dislocation emission further leads to the promotion of joining of the crack tip. Consequently, intergranular fracture or brittle cleavages are produced. This is similar to hydrogen embrittlement but limited to a surface one such that effect can be produced by elements other than hydrogen (Marcus, 2011). It is believed that two diverse mechanisms cause the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. These are the hydrogen embrittlement and active path corrosion. It is found that the cracking in active path corrosion form is caused by local corrosion of crack tip. It further proceeds on its electrochemically active way with respect to surrounding metal. Cracking in hydrogen embrittlement mechanism is found to be caused by entrance of hydrogen into metal which in turn results in reducing the deform ability (Chene, 2016). Due to the non- consideration of hydrogen embrittlement as a corrosion process, therefore, the cracking that results due to this mechanism is often excluded from the stress corrosion cracking (Eliaz, Shachar, Tal Eliezer, 2002). Affected Materials and Equipment Stress corrosion cracking is suffered by certain aluminium alloys and austenitic steels in the existence of chlorides, copper alloys and nitrates in the presence of ammoniacal solutions and mid steel in the existence of alkali (Brandl, Malke, Beck, Wanner Hack, 2009). Therefore, the usefulness of austenitic stainless steel is limited to containing water with more than little ppm content of chlorides at temperature that is greater than 50C (Li, Chu, Wang Qiao, 2003). Structural steels that are highly tensile are supposed to crack in an unexpectedly brittle way in the entire variety of aqueous environments, specifically in the presence of chlorides. The subcritical crack growth is demonstrated i.e. the propagation of small surface flaws under fracture mechanics predicts that there should be no occurrence of failure. Environmental stress cracking which is a similar process is found to occur in polymers when exposure is faced by the products to aggressive chemicals or specific solvents such as alkalis and acids. Similar to the case of metals, the attack is limited to the particular chemicals and polymers. Sensitivity is faced by the polymers to environmental stress cracking where there is no compulsory chemical degradation of materials by the attacking agents. Sensitivity to degradation by acids is faced by Nylon which is considered to be a process termed as hydrolysis. When strong acids attack nylon mouldings, it results in severe cracking. Elastomers also suffer from the formation of cracks by ozone attack which is a different form of stress corrosion cracking in polymers. Double bond are attacked in the rubber chain with styrene- butadiene rubber, natural rubber and nitrate butadiene rubber due to the small quantity of gas in air as they are considered to be most sensitive to degradation. Critical strain is found to be very little when ozone cracks are formed in products under stress. The orientation of cracks is at the correct angle to strain axis so that its formation will take place around the boundary of rubber tube. The occurrence of such cracks in fuel pipes have proved to be very dangerous due to the growth in cracks from the surfaces that are exposed from outside into the bore of the pipe. This has the chances of resulting in fire and fuel leakage. The prevention of ozone cracking can take place by the addition of anti- ozonants to the rubber prior to vulcanization. Automobile tire sidewalls often suffered fro m ozone cracks but now such problem have been reduced as a result of increasing use of additives. However, the recurrence of problem is seen in the equipment such as unprotected products like seals and rubber tubing. Ceramics do not suffer a lot from this effect as they are more resistant to chemical attacks. However, phase changes are commonly noticed in ceramics under stress which subsequently results in hardening instead of failure. The toughening mechanism has the capability of enhancing the oxidation of decreased cerium oxide which further results in slow growth of the crack and impulsive failure of dense ceramic bodies. The effect of Stress corrosion cracking on a material typically falls between fatigue and dry cracking threshold of that particular material. The requisite tensile stresses may be in directly applied stresses form or in residual stresses form. Carbon steel equipment are also affected by the ammonia stress corrosion cracking but unlike the mechanism of cracking on brass which takes place in an aqueous solution, steal equipment cracking takes place in an anhydrous ammonia. Appearance/ Morphology/ Damage The consequence of stress corrosion is the appearance of corrosion cracks on the metal surface. Moreover, intergranular cracking in stress corrosion cracking advances without apparent preference for boundaries (King, Johnson, Engelberg, Ludwig Marrow, 2008). The occurrence of both types of cracking depends on metal structure or the environmental structure and is in the same alloy. Stress corrosion cracks are initiated at surface flaws which then grow into small macroscopic evidence of mechanical deformation in alloys and metals that are usually considered to be ductile. Pits formation are found in electrochemical terms when potentials exceeds the pitting capability. The same parameters are considered as the basis of evolution between pitting and cracking that control the stress corrosion cracking (Lu, Chen, Luo, Patchett Xu, 2005). The change in the potential and corrosive environment within a pit may be essential for enabling the pit to perform the function of a crack initiator. There are a variety of examples in which the initiation of stress corrosion cracks is noticed at the base of a pit due to intergranular corrosion. The intergranular stress corrosion cracking also leads to crack propagation in these cases (Arioka, Yamada, Terachi Staehle, 2006). It is expected that the development of same local electrochemistry is not common in the preexisting pit like in the case of one grown during service. The initiation of stress corrosion cracks are also noticed in the absenteeism of pitting by slip- dissolution or intergranular processes (Arafin Szpunar, 2009). For this, the requirement arises for differences in bulk chemistry and grain- boundary chemistry (Knight, Birbilis, Muddle, Trueman Lynch, 2010). Such conditions are mostly experienced by sensitized austenitic stainless steels or with impurities segregation such as sulfur, phosphorus or silicon in various materials (Meng, Zhang, Zhuang Zhang, 2016). The propagations subcritical nature may be credited to the release of chemical energy as the crack propagates. This can be presented in the following equation form: Release of elastic energy + chemical energy = deformation energy + surface energy The damage is caused at a slow rate as SCC is a delayed failure process. The appearance of SCC is observed in environment/ alloy combinations resulting in the creation of a film on the surface of metal. These films may be in the form of tarnish films, passivating layers or dealloyed layers. The rate of uniform or general corrosion is subsequently reduced due to these films which in turn make the alloy necessary for battling against uniform corrosion in the environment. Prevention/ Mitigation The combination of three factors results in stress corrosion cracking namely exposure to a corrosive environment, a susceptible material and tensile stresses above edge. The initiation of stress corrosion cracking becomes impossible if any of such factors are eliminated. However, a variety of approaches can be utilized for the purpose of preventing or delaying the onset of SCC. Firstly, the control strategy needs to be selected for stress corrosion cracking that will initiate its operations at the design stage. It will further focus on the material selection, stress limitation and control of the environment. The development of new alloys that are more resistant to stress corrosion cracking can be chosen as a conventional approach for the purpose of controlling the problem. However, this proposition is costly and requires enormous time investment for achieving only marginal success (Nugent Khan, 2014). For the purpose of controlling stress corrosion cracking, awareness needs to be created regarding the possibility of its occurrence at the design and construction stages. The problems related to stress corrosion cracking can be avoided if due attention is paid at the time of making selection of materials. Those materials should be chosen that are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the service environment and their correct processing and fabricating should be ensured (Je Kimura, 2014). High temperature water is the example of environments that are aggressive and result in causing stress corrosion cracking of most materials. High yield strength and other mechanical requirements can create difficulty in reconciling with SCC resistance. The existence of stress in the components causes stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, in order to control SCC, the method adopted should consist of eliminating or reducing that stress below the starting point of SCC (Seong, Frankel Sridhar, 2015). Controlling the environment is considered as the straightest way of controlling stress corrosion cracking by removing or replacing that particular component of environment that is liable for the difficulty. When the cracking is the result of species that are the necessary components of the environments then the options related to environment control consists of addition of inhibitors, modification of the electrode capability of the metal or creating isolation for the metal from the environment with the help of coatings. There are several ways with the help of which ammonia stress corrosion can be prevented in steel equipment. Greater susceptibility is faced by the systems that have not undergone postweld heat treatment (PWHT). Therefore, there is a requirement for proper PHWT in order to prevent ammonia stress corrosion cracking. The cracking of wheel can be easily obstructed with the help of adding a little quantity of water i.e. nearly 0.2% to the anhydrous ammonia. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that ammonia stress corrosion cracking is the form of corrosion that takes place in brass tubes in cooling water service which has been contaminated by ammonia as a result of biological growths or any other contamination. The proposal of various mechanisms has been made for stress corrosion cracking such as cathodic and anodic mechanisms and crack propagation mechanism. Various materials and equipment suffer from stress corrosion cracking such as aluminium alloys, austenitic steels, polymers, elastomers, ceramics and carbon steel equipment, etc. The ammonia stress corrosion appears in the form of corrosion cracks on the surface of metal. Stress corrosion cracks are initiated at surface flaws which then grow into small macroscopic evidence of mechanical deformation in alloys and metals that are usually considered to be ductile. Furthermore, various steps can be undertaken for the purpose of prevention or mitigation of ammonia stress corrosion cracking. T his includes the elimination of the factors such as corrosive environment, a susceptible material and tensile stresses above edge. Moreover, awareness needs to be created for the purpose of selection and controlling of materials along with controlling the stress and environment. References Arafin, M. A., Szpunar, J. A. (2009). A new understanding of intergranular stress corrosion cracking resistance of pipeline steel through grain boundary character and crystallographic texture studies.Corrosion Science,51(1), 119-128. Arioka, K., Yamada, T., Terachi, T., Staehle, R. W. (2006). Intergranular stress corrosion cracking behavior of austenitic stainless steels in hydrogenated high-temperature water.Corrosion,62(1), 74-83. Brandl, E., Malke, R., Beck, T., Wanner, A., Hack, T. (2009). Stress corrosion cracking and selective corrosion of copper?zinc alloys for the drinking water installation.Materials and corrosion,60(4), 251-258. Chene, J. (2016). Stress corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen embrittlement. InStress Corrosion Cracking of Nickel Based Alloys in Water-cooled Nuclear Reactors(pp. 295-311). Cheng, Y. F. (2013). Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines. John Wiley Sons. Cunningham, A., Bottleberghe, J., Greene, D. (2017). A Method for Detecting Stress Corrosion Cracking and the Influence Environmental Factors. Eliaz, N., Shachar, A., Tal, B., Eliezer, D. (2002). Characteristics of hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking and tempered martensite embrittlement in high-strength steels.Engineering Failure Analysis,9(2), 167-184. Javidi, M., Horeh, S. B. (2014). Investigating the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking in near-neutral and high pH environments for API 5L X52 steel.Corrosion Science,80, 213-220. Je, H., Kimura, A. (2014). Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel in supercritical pressurized water dissolved with different hydrogen and oxygen contents.Corrosion Science,78, 193-199. Kim, D. J., Kwon, H. C., Kim, H. W., Hwang, S. S., Kim, H. P. (2011). Oxide properties and stress corrosion cracking behaviour for Alloy 600 in leaded caustic solutions at high temperature.Corrosion Science,53(4), 1247-1253. King, A., Johnson, G., Engelberg, D., Ludwig, W., Marrow, J. (2008). Observations of intergranular stress corrosion cracking in a grain-mapped polycrystal.Science,321(5887), 382-385. Knight, S. P., Birbilis, N., Muddle, B. C., Trueman, A. R., Lynch, S. P. (2010). Correlations between intergranular stress corrosion cracking, grain-boundary microchemistry, and grain-boundary electrochemistry for AlZnMgCu alloys.Corrosion Science,52(12), 4073-4080. Li, J. X., Chu, W. Y., Wang, Y. B., Qiao, L. J. (2003). In situ TEM study of stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.Corrosion science,45(7), 1355-1365. Lu, B. T., Chen, Z. K., Luo, J. L., Patchett, B. M., Xu, Z. H. (2005). Pitting and stress corrosion cracking behavior in welded austenitic stainless steel.Electrochimica acta,50(6), 1391-1403. Marcus, P. (Ed.). (2011).Corrosion mechanisms in theory and practice. CRC press. McDougal, J. L., Stevenson, M. E. (2005). Stress-corrosion cracking in copper refrigerant tubing.Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,5(1), 13-17. Meng, C., Zhang, D., Zhuang, L., Zhang, J. (2016). Correlations between stress corrosion cracking, grain boundary precipitates and Zn content of AlMgZn alloys.Journal of Alloys and Compounds,655, 178-187. Newman, R. C. (2002). Stress-corrosion cracking mechanisms.CORROSION TECHNOLOGY-NEW YORK AND BASEL-,17, 399-450. Nugent, M., Khan, Z. (2014). The effects of corrosion rate and manufacturing in the prevention of stress corrosion cracking on structural members of steel bridges.The Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering JCSE,17, 16. Parkins, R. N. (2011). Stress corrosion cracking.Uhligs Corrosion Handbook, 191. Raja, V. S. Shoji, T. (2011). Stress Corrosion Cracking: Theory and Practice. Elsevier. Seong, J., Frankel, G. S., Sridhar, N. (2015). Inhibition of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized AA5083.Corrosion,72(2), 284-296. Shi, Z., Hofstetter, J., Cao, F., Uggowitzer, P. J., Dargusch, M. S., Atrens, A. (2015). Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of ultra-high-purity Mg5Zn.Corrosion Science,93, 330-335. Talbot, D. E., Talbot, J. D. (2018).Corrosion science and technology. CRC press.

Animal Farm As Animal Satire Essays - Novels By George Orwell

Animal Farm as Animal Satire Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! Animal Farm as Animal Satire This study aims to determine that George Orwell's Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalin's practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of author's life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. Chapter one also presents background information about Animal Farm. Chapter two is devoted to satire. In this chapter, definition of satire is presented and some important characteristics of satire are discussed. In chapter three, the method of this research is described. Under the light of information presented in the previous chapters, Chapter four discusses Animal Farm and focuses on the book as a political satire. The last chapter presents the conclusion of this study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to express my sincere thanks to my thesis supervisor, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Jashua M. Bear for his help and freedom he gave me in this study. Without his understanding this thesis would never have been completed. I also wish to thank my sister Fidan Korkut for her suggestions in the planning stage of this study and her endurance during my long study days at home. My special thanks go to zgr Ceylan, who constantly granted me her moral support. She was always there when I needed her. THE AUTHOR: GEORGE ORWELL Presentation This chapter introduces general information about George Orwell's life. It includes chronological progress of his life and his political convictions. Furthermore, important events, such as The Russian Revolution and The Spanish Civil War which had significant influence on his commitment to write Animal Farm will be discussed. Lastly, general information about Animal Farm will be given. His Life The British author George Orwell, pen name of Eric Arthur Blair, was born in Motihari, India, June 25, 1903. His father was an important British civil servant in India, which was then part of the British Empire. A few years after Eric was born, he retired on a low pension and moved back to England. Though their income was not much enough, the Blair family sent their son away to boarding school which was an exclusive preparatory school, to prepare him for Eton Collage. Eric then won a scholarship to Eton Collage. During his education from the age of eight to eighteen, as he wrote in his essay about his school experiences titled "Such, Such Were the Joys," he experienced many things about the"world where the prime necessities were money, titled relatives, athleticism, tailor-made clothes", inequality, oppression and class distinctions in the schools of England (In Ball,1984). After the education at Eton College in England, Eric joined the Indian Imperial Police in British-Ruled Burma in 1922. There he witnessed oppression again, but this time he was looking at things from the top. Having served five years in Burma, he resigned in 1927 and turned back to Europe and lived in Paris for more than a year. Though he wrote novels and short stories he found nobody to get them published. He worked as a tutor and even as a dishwasher in Paris. During his poor days in Paris, he once more experienced the problems of the oppressed, the helpless and lower class people. In 1933, After having many experiences about the life at the bottom of society, he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London and published it under his pen name "George Orwell." After a year in 1934 he published his novel Burmese Days, which he reflected his experiences there. Then, he published A Clergyman's Daughter in 1935, and Keep the Aspidistra Flying in 1936. In 1936, his publisher wanted Orwell to go to the English coal-mining country and write about it which was another important experience in his life. He wrote The Road to Wigan Pier to reflect what he saw there, the real poverty of people of the Lancashire Town of Wigan, and published it in 1937 (Ball, 1984). 1937 was the year that Orwell who for some time had been describing himself as "pro-socialist" (BALL, 1984) joined the Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War. When the Communists attempted to eliminate their allies on the far left, he fought against them and was wounded in the fighting, later was forced to flee for his life. His experience in this war was to have the most significant impact on his political thoughts and his later works. In 1938, Orwell wrote Homage to Catalonia, which recounts his experiences fighting

Law Essay

Law Essay Law Essay Writing a law essay, you should pay special attention to the format and style of your writing. Law essays are formal in style and language. Please read the following sample law essay. If you need professional essay help with writing, if you have no time to write your own essay, do not hesitate to request our professional customwriting service. We are not newcomers in essay writing industry and we have already helped thousands of students throughout the country. Our prices are moderate while our quality is unquestionable. We do not tolerate plagiarism and we pay special attention to the quality of every single custom essay delivery. Law Essay Sample An international legislature, in the sense of a body having power to enact new international law binding on the states of the world or on their peoples, does not exist. The very notion that international law requires any deliberate amendment is, indeed, quite a modern one. The international community has been content to rely for the development of its law on the slow growth of custom, and perhaps the first recognition of the need of any consciously constructive process in building up the law was the declaration by the Congress of Paris in 1814 in favour of freedom of navigation on international rivers. This declaration was not very effective, but it was important as showing that in the conference the international community had obtained a sort of rudimentary legislative organ. Little use was made of conferences for this purpose until the latter half of the nineteenth century, but after the Conference of Paris in 1856, at which a famous Declaration dealing with the laws of maritime wa rfare was agreed to, quasi-legislation by conference became fairly frequent: The movement took different forms. In part it was inspired by the humane desire to mitigate the horrors of war; examples of this are the Geneva Conventions for ameliorating the condition of the sick and wounded, the first in 1864, and most of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. It took another form in the foundation of the international administrative system which is referred to in the next section. Lastly, conferences have often been used for the settlement of special political questions by action which is really legislative in character, although it generally preserves the forms of mere mediation between supposedly sovereign states. Instances are, the Conference of London which established the independence of Belgium in 1831; the Conference of London which established that of Luxembourg in 1867; the Congress of Berlin, 1878, which dealt with the affairs of Turkey and the Balkan States; the Conference of Algeciras which dealt with Morocco in 1906. On these and other occasions st ates, or more often the Great Powers, have asserted a right to decide, by their collective action, questions in which they all felt themselves to be interested, without much regard to the alleged rules of international law concerning intervention, which are based upon a theory of the independence of every sovereign state which is liable to be disregarded in an international crisis. There is no doubt that the conference used in this way has frequently been the means of preventing wars. Law Essay Writing Service Undoubtedly, good essay cannot be written in a couple of hours unless you are a professional writer. When you use our custom essay service, you get a perfectly written paper, essay written especially for you according to the requirements. All essays are carefully checked for plagiarism. We guarantee free and unlimited revisions. Read also: Need Help Writing a Paper Long Term Paper 10 Pages Islamic Religion Term Paper High School Term Paper Free Term Paper

Industrial Relations of Taiwan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Industrial Relations of Taiwan - Research Paper Example Regarding specifically Taiwan, it has been proved that the ‘real export growth rate and the stock market development’ (Liu and Chen-Min 2006, 667) have benefited the country’s economy – a fact that also benefited the employment in all the country’s industries. The effects of globalization on Taiwan’s industrial relations can be identified by referring to the current Labor Law – both for natives and foreigners – that regulates employment relations across the country. The reference to the human rights framework in Taiwan would be also valuable – in order to understand the potential interaction between globalization and the industrial relations of the particular country. In accordance with a human rights report published by the US Department of State in 2010 human rights in Taiwan are generally protected but there are problems including the ‘corruption by officials, violence and discrimination against women, trafficking in persons, and abuses of foreign workers’ (US Department of State, March 2010) that have not been adequately addressed. Employment in Taiwan is controlled through three major legislative texts: ‘the Labor Union Act, the Collective Agreement Act , and the Settlement of Labor Dispu tes Act’ (Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yuan Taiwan, 2010); through these laws, all issues related to employment in Taiwan’s various industries are addressed – at least this is the target set by the Taiwanese government. The effectiveness of these laws needs to be tested – using appropriate literature – aiming to show the influence of globalization in employment relations across the country. One of the key elements of globalization is the limitation of obstacles to the development of business activities worldwide.

Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cancer - Essay Example Thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, metabolism and temperature of body, influences nervous system, muscular system and other systems as well. Regulation of the hormone produced by this gland may result in hyperthyroidism (Graves' Disease) or hypothyroidism. Thyroid cancer is considered as an uncommon type of cancer. Thyroid cancer is categorized into four groups encompassing papillary, medullary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid cancers. Lumps or masses grow in thyroid which are benign in ninety-five percent of cases. There is always a propensity that they may spread to other body parts if remain untreated (Web. "Thyroid Cancer", n.d.). Epidemiology The American Cancer Society reveals that around 17,200 cases of thyroid cancer appear each year, this number contributes to 1 percent of all the cancer cases prevalent in United States. Women are considered to be three times more prone to display the symptoms of thyroid cancer as compared to m en. Problems related to thyroid hormone is common in teenagers, adolescents and younger individuals, but thyroid cancer is known to develop at the age of over 50 years (Web. "Thyroid Cancer", n.d.). Worldwide estimations reveal that more than 862,000 individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2003 were alive in 2008 (Web."Thyroid cancer incidence statistics", n.d.). Genetic-associated risk factors: chromosome(s)/gene(s) involved Genes are responsible for the metabolism of the organism, they control the functions of the cells. Cancers initially progress from the normal cells and gradually gain the potential to multiply unusually and ultimately become malignant. These malignant cells proliferate clonally and form tumors which in due course impend to turn metastatic. Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under normal conditions cell grow, divide and die, but in cancer cells the defect takes place at the gen e level leading to the formation of an abnormal DNA. As genes are the basic control machine of the cell, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. Autosomal dominance inheritance of mutated gene (only single cope) could lead to thyroid cancer, although its prevalence is only 1 percent. The inheritance of defective gene could be estimated with genetic testing. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) contributes to 5 percent of thyroid cancers. Genetic conditions playing role in inheritance of MTC are multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A, 2B as well as familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). On the other hand, papillary and follicular thyroid cancers contribute to 90 percent of all thyroid cancers (Web. "The Genetics of Thyroid Cancer", 2011). Risk factors other than genetics Risk factors enhances the chance of developing cancer. In most of the cases, thyroid cancers are sporadic. About 10 percent of the thyroid cancers are inherited (5 percent papillary, and follicular, while 25 percent MTC). Other risk factors involve gender (women are more prone), age (2/3 of the cases are reported between 20 and 55 years), while anaplastic thyroid cancer is reported after 60 years of age. Radiation exposure (X-ray treatment to treat tonsillitis), exposure to radioactive iodine in childhood days enhance the chances of papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Low iodine in diet may also cause thyroid cancer (Web. "Thyroid Cancer- Risk Factors", 2013). Symptoms Typical

Water wave Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Water wave - Research Paper Example Thirdly, it was found out that water waves are divided into three main groups namely: Shallow water wave, Intermediate depth wave, and Deep water wave. It was found out that the distinction between shallow water waves and deep water waves is not associated with oceans’ or seas’ absolute depth. The distinction is usually determined with the ratio of depth of water to wave’s wavelength. Finally, the research paper found that molecules of water in water waver normally exhibit circular motion (orbit) in deep sea water wave, and as the depth of ocean or sea increases, the diameter of the orbit decreases. A disturbance of any type on water (be it on the surface of water, in the water or at the bottom of the water) normally causes wave; this wave is known as water wave. These disturbances on water may include: a pebble that strikes the surface of the water, earthquake, boat movement or even wind among others (Dingemans, 2007). When an individual stands at a beach and closely observe how water waves break and roll in, or even observe surface of disturbed water, the individual might see that the disturbed water is actually travelling towards the shore, or towards the boundaries of the container that holds the disturbed water (Stoker, 2011). Actually no water is moving towards the shore or the boundary of the container that holds the water. When a closer look is made on an object that floats on the water, it is observed that the object moves towards the shore or towards the boundary of the container on the wave crest, and moves the same distance away from the shore with the wave trough ( Hermans, 2011). Several researches have been done regarding the properties of water wave. These properties include: the pattern of water waves, water wave wavelength, water wave frequency, water wave amplitude, types of water wave, what

English Is Considered As Lingua Franca English Language Essay

English Is Considered As Lingua Franca English Language Essay English is considered as lingua franca around the globe. People mostly communicate across cultures in English all over the world. During the process, it is natural that many words of the local languages get their way in and become part of that particular variety of English spoken in that region. This paper aims at finding Urdu words that have become part and parcel of the English language spoken in Pakistani scenario. It is a study of Urdu loan words that got their way in English in everyday communication. For the study, the language of newspaper was chosen as it represents the language in use. English daily the Dawn was selected for the purpose as it is most circulated newspaper in Pakistan. The paper elucidates that there are a large number of Urdu words which are part of English. Chapter I INTRODUCTION Newspapers have become an essential part of modern life. The modern man starts his day by reading over the news with a cup of tea. Equally unimaginable is a morning without the daily newspaper for some people. It is because newspapers are seen everywhere in the world. They are printed and published in each and every language known to man all over the world. Newspapers are called the mirrors of the world. They reflect and report the trends and happening from all parts of the world. Usually, they cover every aspects of life- national, international, local, social, political, cultural etc. Reading English Newspaper can improve EFL students ability of vocabulary and the skill of reading. But it doesnt mean that they need to look over the all content in the newspapers. First, they can find the topics they are interested. Then, just read these topics they scan. They also dont finish every paragraph of them. If the content is really interesting for students read it thoroughly. So they may get good mood to read what they are interested. Gradually, they are able to absorb many kinds of new information and have good storage of vocabulary. Language teachers can use the newspaper as an effective tool for demonstrating the concepts of reading and writing, as well as the structure of the English language. Using newspapers in this way helps students see realistic examples of the practical applications of grammar and comprehension that they can utilize in their reading and writing experiences in and out of the classroom. It is an observation in Pakistan that when we analyse the content of English newspapers we often find such words that are emerged from English into Urdu or other languages due to the culture association or bilingualism. The profession of news reporting and editing is totally about interpretation of words and phrases. One cannot interpret it until he has command over news language as well as general language. Where English enjoys a very prestigious status in Pakistan, It is essential that Pakistani news reporter and editors function effectively in English. This research presents an analysis of language conversion in Pakistani English newspapers due to culture association or bilingualism. Based on the empirical data from Pakistani English newspapers and magazines, this research aims to show the English words that have been converted into Urdu or other local languages of Pakistan. It also presents the brief overview of the use of English as a non-native variety. This research suggests that variations and changes in a language are an integral part of bilingualism and multilingualism. This research centers on the variations in the English language due to language conversion in Pakistan and also shows the significant role of the Urdu and other local languages in the formation of Pakistani English. Only those features that are found as a result of conversion have been discussed. In this research, only that data has been taken into account where Urdu phrases and clauses have been used. This research is interested in describing different aspects of language change in English when used in a non-native context i.e. Pakistan. First and foremost a great deal of interest has been generated in the English language as a result of its spread around the world and its use as an international language. Now-a-days English has become a global language. English is used all over the world by millions of native and non-native speakers because of its dominant position. There are approximately 430 million L2 users and 330 million L1 users. So the non-native speakers use English more than the natives ones. Being an international language, it is used almost in all the countries of the world. When people started using English in non-native contexts because of its growing popularity, it developed as a transplanted language. Its prevalence and power in Pakistan is growing very much. For many Pakistanis, English has become not only a practical necessity but also the language of opportunity; social prestige, power, success as well as social superiority. Such power is vividly seen in Pakistan where people tend to switch from Urdu to English to create special effect. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and one of the two official languages of Pakistan. It is the most important language of literacy in the country. In Pakistan, Urdu-English conversion is a common characteristic of educated Pakistani bilinguals. Conversion occurs when two languages come in contact. English has assumed a linguistic and cultural identity of its own. This identity manifests itself throughout the language at the word level, the phrase level and the sentence level. It is the natural consequence of its regular contact with the Urdu language. A large number of borrowings from Urdu and the regional languages of Pakistan have entered in Pakistani English. Urdu-English conversion at the level of the phrase and clause is available; this research is likely to bridge the gap. The conversion data in this research focuses on the use of Urdu phrases and clauses in the English newspapers. The data has been collected from the following printed Pakistani English newspaper and magazines: 1. Dawn (daily) (Lahore) 2. The news Statement of the Problem: This research is based on the analysis of English newspaper and to check the frequency of words occurred in Urdu or other local languages. Objective of the Study: This study aims to find out the words of other Pakistani languages that have been occurred in English newspaper, in Daily Dawn and The news. To compare the common words occurred in both newspapers. Significance of Study: This study of newspaper provides us a thorough survey to what extent the Urdu words have been used in English newspapers. This is a beneficial research for language improvement of policy makers, teachers, students and assessment institutions. Limitation: We have studied thoroughly the reasonable amount of English newspaper Dawn Daily Lahore and The News. We have classified the section of newspaper. On the basis of this classification we have checked the frequency of the Urdu words occurred in English. Delimitation: We have studied ten newspapers of both Daily Dawn and The News on daily basis due to the time cost constraints and because they are the oldest source of information. Design of Study: This study is qualitative in nature. It is based on the Meta analysis of newspaper. The use of this method is appropriate with the purpose of this study. Research is conducted while using qualitative approach. Because the result of the data analyze is in the descriptive phenomenon such as words and sentences.

Air Bags Can Kill :: Free Essay Writer

Air Bags Can Kill Even though air bags are designed to save lives, they can be harmful or fatal to some people. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has recognized this concern and has made efforts to reduce injuries caused by air bag deployment by allowing the installation of a switch that turns off air bags. But in order to have a switch installed, the driver must file a request for an air bag on-off switch. People shouldn’t have to seek permission from the government to disable a device that has been found to be responsible for many deaths from their vehicles.According to The Oracle, â€Å"Turning off the airbags†(http://zephyr.oracle.usf.edu/archive/199711/19971119/19971119 comment1.html), when an airbag deploys, there is an explosion in the dash and steering wheel that releases the airbags at a speed of 200 mph. This force has been found to be the cause of many deaths, mostly being children. And the explosion that propels the airbag can cause chemical burns and even blindness. The dangers of airbags are so great that car manufacturers now put warning labels in vehicles explaining the dangers. Now, according to CNN, â€Å"Government announces rules for air bag switches,†(http://www.cnn.com/US/9711/18/airbags.presser/index.html), if the owner of a vehicle or a passenger has a medical condition which would put them at a greater risk from airbags, then they can apply permission to disable the airbags in their vehicle. This also applies if a child must ride in the front seat. But it doesn’t protect people who would need to drive someone else’s car, or people who would give someone else’s children a ride. It will only protect the vehicle’s owner and immediate family. Although passing the rule that allows the owner of a vehicle to disable the airbags is a good start in saving lives, it is not enough. Everyone can’t have switches installed in their vehicles, just people who meet the requirements set by the NHSTA. The government shouldn’t have to decide whether or not air bags pose a treat to individual passengers and drivers. As Henry Thoreau says in â€Å"Civil Disobedience† Conversations p.642, â€Å"government is best which governs least.† We just don’t need laws on airbags at all. It would be more practical for the driver of the car to make the choice if the airbags should be on or off. If there is to be a law passed, then it should require auto manufactures to put shutoff switches on all vehicles equipped with airbags.

‘Materialism’ and Alienation

A considerable number of scholars agree that the domination of capital, which prevails not only on the socio-economic order but also on the production of ideas and ideologies, is responsible for the fragmentation of cultures ensuing from the destruction of human relationships and interaction. The latter arises from the permeation of capitalism into the value systems, and, as suggested by Buber, ultimately creating the ‘I-It’ relationship, in which individuals identify increasingly with material goods, or derive their sense of fulfillment from consuming goods and the symbols attached to these, rather than the ‘I-thou’ relationship or the cultivation of meaningful relationships with their fellow individuals. As individuals seek their sense of being from consumption, they are alienated more and more from society, which scholars such as Kasser (2003) suggests would lead into the loss of meaning in one’s life and the frustration that goes with it. This frustration is reinforced by societal standards that put premium over the accumulation of material wealth over non-material fulfillment. The Pursuit of Money, Depression, and Alienation This is illustrated in the life story of C.P. Ellis, a man driven to join the Klu Klux Klan by his frustration over their family’s impoverishment and his own insecurity over being a low-income, white American, and his transformation into a contented labor union organizer despite. Born into a poor family, Ellis’ depression over his and his family’s financial status started from being perceived by others as ‘poor and impoverished’ in his childhood, as reflected by the way he felt people treated him and his father: â€Å"somebody looking at him and making fun of him and making fun of me.† His father’s unhappiness mirror the same unhappiness that characterized Ellis’ life as he struggled to make ends meet for his own family later on, to â€Å"work, never a day without work, worked all the overtime I could get.† Ellis’ predicament, according to Kasser (2003), is typical of â€Å"people who strongly value the pursuit of wealth and possessions.† Kasser notes that these people â€Å"report lower psychological well-being than those who are less concerned with such aims.† Not surprisingly, Ellis’ earlier experiences wherein his concern and frustration over ‘financial freedom’ is marked by the absence of a social life and of meaningful interactions with people as his life is taken over by the need to his above his socio-economic status. This makes him unable to see people beyond the labels and the propaganda, and also illustrate the attraction of the Ku Klux Klan to white, low-income individuals. Thus, Ellis’ motivation for joining the Ku Klux Klan, is his resentment and bitterness to his inability to move up the rungs of the economic and social ladder. Racist Organizations and the Reinforcement of Social Isolation The Ku Klux Klan, as a group that presents itself as the â€Å"savior of the white race,† also contains within itself the racist symbols of being superior, a superiority complex that is based on the skin color of being white. The Ku Klux Klan therefore presents an opportunity to feel power in another way, by vowing to â€Å"uphold the purity of the white race, fight communism, and protect white womanhood.† .For C.P. Ellis, the moment of ‘empowerment’ is his being ‘exalted Cyclops’ of the Klan but it is merely an extension of his yearning for a higher social status:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Here’s a guy who’s worked all his life and struggled all his life to be something, and here’s the moment to be something.† However, the Klu Klux Klan does not give its members a sense of fulfillment that is based on being able to cultivate a meaningful relationship between its members, but reinforces the isolation of another marginalized sector of society—the black people. Moreover, the Klan’s power is based not on the empowerment of the sector it represents; On the contrary, it blurs its members’ ability to recognize the real problems of social inequality by curiously turning to the blacks as a channel for the dissipation of its anger. While Ellis is interested in the Klan for its sense of belonging, he was more drawn to the aspect of being in control—something that, while he clearly could not achieve by being poor, he could at least exercise on people deemed to be inferior by society. Ellis, however, was not intent on deriving meaning from the sort associated with â€Å"spirituality and religion†¦ home life, relationships, and family†¦having fun and excitement†¦and contributing to the community† (Kasser 2003). He was merely looking for a scapegoat to focus his resentment on, from which he thought he could attain the â€Å"large number of possible goals people might have, such as desires to feel safe and secure, to help the world be a better place, to have a great sex life, and to have good relationships with other.† (Kasser 2003) In this phase of his life, Ellis therefore retains the ‘I-it’ relationship in his life suggested by Buber through his remaining fixation with material wealth and the social status that comes with it. Transformation, Empowerment, and Redemption Ironically, C.P. Ellis’ genuine empowerment would come not from material success but from disillusionment with the false power of the Klu Klux Klan and subsequent transformation into a man who recognized that people were more than their skin color. This would come from his reluctant involvement with the efforts to minimize racial discrimination in which he was forced to work with Ann Atwater—a black civil rights advocate—to pursue a better school system for their children. Ellis’ transformation would not be easy, however, and it would only come with the realization that those who had economic and political power were using the rift between the blacks and the whites to further their own agendas: â€Å"As long as they kept low-income whites and low income blacks fighting, they’re gonna maintain control.† This realization would preclude his transformation as he knew more about the relationship between economic status and political power, and as he realized the importance of solidarity with his fellow poor: â€Å"The whole world was opening up , and I was learning new truths that I had never learned before. I was beginning to look at a black person, shake hands with him, and see him as a human being.† The attainment of wealth would grow less and less for C. P. Ellis as he discovered that although material things were important to people, individuals should not let it rule their lives. Consequently, Ellis’ concern on   the goals of the labor union with which he would be involved in later, would give him more happiness and fulfillment, his sense of self mirroring â€Å"the state attained by people motivated by growth, meaning, and aesthetics, rather than by insecurity and the attempt to fit in with what other people expect† (Kasser, 2003). Ellis’ life and general direction is now a stark contrast to the sense of â€Å"low well-being, high distress, and difficulty adjusting to life† (Kasser, 2003) that he experienced earlier in his life when his sense of self was anchored on material possessions. C.P. Ellis’ life and experience therefore reflects the dangers of material wealth as a central figure in one’s life. It provides a concrete example of one man’s transcendence over the alienation that people in a highly consumerist and materialist society experiences, and illustrates the importance of establishing an â€Å"I-Thou† basis of our identity and sense of self rather than anchoring our lives to the pursuit of financial gains. More importantly, it shows how having control on one’s life will not be achieved solely by having financial control, but by being able to appease our conscience, and striving for the higher ideals of humanity.         

Free Essays on Deliquent Parents

The Lost Children of Rockdale County: Delinquent Parents Gone, are the good old days when mom and dad took the time to teach their children about morals, values and the fundamentals of growing up. Instead, we see parents who have replaced nurturing and personal involvement, with the purchase of material goods (computer and video games). We see parents who are frightened to discipline their children and who are unable to set boundaries. We see parents who are afraid to hug their children and be involved in their lives. A child's behavior is a reflection of the type of home he or she comes from. Parents are supposed to be role models, but what do we find, parents are neglecting their responsibility. Parents, who should teach by precept and example, have fallen prey to the â€Å"do as I say, but not as I do† syndrome. Society, often fails to look at the root cause of many of the adolescent problems being witnessed today. I watched a documentary entitled The Lost Children of Rockdale County. The focus of the program was sexual promiscuity, drugs, pornography, and alcohol use in the lives of upper middle class children of Rockdale. What I found more troubling was the tremendous breakdown that exists between the children and their parents. The neighborhood was full of homes that were null and void of adult presences and supervision. Recent research on adolescent behavior has provided an insight into factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. The relationships between parents and adolescents play a significant role in the social well being of the children. Children, who do their best, have parents who both nurture and control their children's actions. Nurturing and control characterize the form of parenting referred to as authoritative. Authoritative parents are both firm and fair. Rarely did I see this type of parent in the program. â€Å"I thought that if I disciplined you, you would run away†, was one comment made by a moth... Free Essays on Deliquent Parents Free Essays on Deliquent Parents The Lost Children of Rockdale County: Delinquent Parents Gone, are the good old days when mom and dad took the time to teach their children about morals, values and the fundamentals of growing up. Instead, we see parents who have replaced nurturing and personal involvement, with the purchase of material goods (computer and video games). We see parents who are frightened to discipline their children and who are unable to set boundaries. We see parents who are afraid to hug their children and be involved in their lives. A child's behavior is a reflection of the type of home he or she comes from. Parents are supposed to be role models, but what do we find, parents are neglecting their responsibility. Parents, who should teach by precept and example, have fallen prey to the â€Å"do as I say, but not as I do† syndrome. Society, often fails to look at the root cause of many of the adolescent problems being witnessed today. I watched a documentary entitled The Lost Children of Rockdale County. The focus of the program was sexual promiscuity, drugs, pornography, and alcohol use in the lives of upper middle class children of Rockdale. What I found more troubling was the tremendous breakdown that exists between the children and their parents. The neighborhood was full of homes that were null and void of adult presences and supervision. Recent research on adolescent behavior has provided an insight into factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency. The relationships between parents and adolescents play a significant role in the social well being of the children. Children, who do their best, have parents who both nurture and control their children's actions. Nurturing and control characterize the form of parenting referred to as authoritative. Authoritative parents are both firm and fair. Rarely did I see this type of parent in the program. â€Å"I thought that if I disciplined you, you would run away†, was one comment made by a moth...

Australian Poet Kenneth Slessor essays

Australian Poet Kenneth Slessor essays Focus Question: Using a few of his poems as examples, how effective are Kenneth Slessor's poems in revealing his identity as a man and a poet? It was once said that poems, though brief and whatever quality, serve as a look into the eyes of the poet. They are expressions of the poets emotions and thoughts through purpose, subject matter, themes, tone, messages and style. The poems of Australian Kenneth Slessor are powerful in illustrating his identity not just superficially as a poet, but also as a normal man with his own concerns, living his everyday life a civilian. Firstly they are effective because they are of his own style and interests, illustrating Slessor as an individual poet and person. Secondly, through manipulation of their components, Slessors poems reveal much detail of his personality and mentality as a normal man. In addition, they reflect the influences in his civilian life such as family, education and associates. Lastly, the actual efficiency of Slessors manipulations fundamentally reflects his skill and therefore identity as a poet. Slessors poems are unlike the traditional ballads of Patterson and Lawson favoured in Australian society during his day. Slessor steers clear of common bush and stockmen themes. His poems focuses instead on issues of personal interest and that affect his immediate environment. The inspiration of Captain Dobbin, about the retirement of sea captain, is from living near Sydney Harbour and an acquaintance with a Captain Bayldon. Since his concerns are different, there is subsequently no need to abide by customary rhythmic ballad form and style. Slessor experiments with different types such as the lyric form of the elegy Beach Burial. The almost prose-like form of Captain Dobbin showcases both his journalistic technique of extensive description and imagery laden poetic technique. Slessor is characterised...

The Relevance and Importance of the Concept of Global Business Fitness Assignment

The Relevance and Importance of the Concept of Global Business Fitness - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that Globally Responsible Leadership Initiative (GRLI) had rightly marked the need of responsible leadership for sustainable growth that has been reduced due to the financial crisis. Leaders face many challenges while taking the company ahead. Leadership is focused on the team, career, company, and shareholders. Career success leadership involves leading one’s own path or the direction to proceed. It also concerns developing flexibility, evaluating work-life, physical and emotional strength, solving problem and time management skills. Leading a team comprises of selecting the right practices, human resource management, developing the team, conflict management, effective technology consumption and helping the team members to develop simultaneously. Leadership in company focuses on the possible outcomes to attain sustainable strategic mission success through entrepreneurship, strategic thinking, organization control, external consciousness. Strategic advan tage leadership deals with increasing the shareholder's value to gain high return on investment through global-scenario planning. Spiritual leadership is a mixed concept of positive leadership that engage motivating and inspiring workers through an inspirational  idea and a customs based on philanthropic values to produce a better dynamic  workforce. This leadership also includes ethics, attitude, and behavior required to motivate one and others to build a sense of spiritual survival. This theory also entails the concept of positive human fitness and emotional well-being through advancement in workplace spirituality, optimistic psychology, character ethics and faith. Besides increasing the employee empowerment, dedication and knowledge, it also focused on the human health enriching approaches that benefit both the employees and the business.

Week 8 Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 8 Group - Essay Example He also points out that all communication takes place via the firewall, which monitors all the incoming data before allowing it to go to the local network. As in the case with ABC Company, there are several reasons why the firewall was placed in between the internal and external domain. Firstly, the company reports that most of its employees are not privy to all the information. As such, a firewall is positioned between the internal and external domain so that their access and trust can carefully be predicted and monitored. The reason being, if their home machines which live outside of the firewall are interfered with, then the sensitive equipments found inside could also be at high risk of being compromised. Therefore, a firewall is put at the boundary to prevent security threats from external users. Secondly, the firewall is positioned in between the internal and external domain to provide security by examining all the incoming data packets from the general public so as to ensure that they are only allowed to enter the local network after meeting the security conditions. This prevents putting the internal domain at risk of sabotage among others. Anita (2010, p.294) notes that the firewall provide user authentication by approving the password and username, which ensures that only authorized users are allowed access to the internal domain. The other important reason why the firewall was placed between the internal and external domain is to hide the contents and structure of internal domain from external users. The company notes that it became necessary to hide some of the contents and structures found in the internal domain from unscrupulous users that may interfere with its contents and structure. Doing this was only possible by positioning the firewall at the boundary to ensure that the unscrupulous external users are totally denied access to the internal domain unless otherwise